Smart contract & on-chain risk

Code risk

Smart contracts may contain bugs or vulnerabilities despite testing and audits. Exploits can cause partial or total loss of on-chain assets.

Upgrades and administration

Contracts may include administrative controls (e.g., pause, upgrade) governed by multisig or governance as disclosed. Such controls are necessary for operations but introduce trust assumptions.

Finality and reorgs

Blockchain reorganizations, MEV, or bridge failures may affect transaction ordering and settlement.

Network fees and congestion

High network settlement costs or congestion may delay or prevent transactions.

Audit reliance

Audit reports (if published) describe point-in-time assessments and do not guarantee future security.

Regulatory and legal refinement. Contract addresses, audit scope, and upgrade policies must match published technical disclosures.